Islamic finance as a system of economic relations based on the principles of Sharia is becoming increasingly relevant in the context of globalization and the search for alternatives to traditional financial models. A distinctive feature of this system is the ban on interest, excessive uncertainty and speculation, which emphasizes its ethical and social focus. This study is devoted to the analysis of the theoretical foundations of Islamic finance, the features of its accounting audit and development prospects in Russia. The research methodology is based on a qualitative approach and includes: a review of scientific literature to study the theoretical foundations of Islamic finance; a comparative analysis of international standards of AAOIFI (Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions) and the Russian legislative framework to assess their applicability; a case study of sukuk issues in the UK and the USA to identify audit features; as well as an analysis of regulatory documents to determine the prospects for the development of Islamic finance in Russia. As a result, it was found that the theoretical basis of Islamic finance is built on the principles of Sharia, including the prohibition of riba (interest), gharar (excessive uncertainty) and maysir (speculation), as well as an emphasis on partnership, real assets and social responsibility, and audit requires a double check - financial and Sharia, which complicates the process and increases the requirements for the qualifications of specialists. International experience demonstrates the effectiveness of audit in ensuring investor confidence, while in Russia the development of this area is hampered by insufficient adaptation of standards, limited practice and a shortage of personnel. The findings of the study highlight that Islamic finance has the potential to diversify the Russian financial market, provided that international and national standards are harmonized and specialists are trained to take into account both financial and religious-ethical aspects. The work contributes to understanding the specifics of Islamic finance auditing and suggests ways to integrate it into the Russian economy.