The article discusses current aspects of the environmental safety of the Russian Federation, reveals the main threats and factors affecting the state of the environment. Particular attention is paid to key indicators for assessing the environmental sustainability of the country, such as the level of air pollution, water quality, the volume of waste generation and disposal, as well as the dynamics of changes in these indicators over the period of recent years. Regional features of the distribution of threats and resources to maintain a favorable environmental situation are investigated. Attention is drawn to the importance of an integrated approach to solving environmental problems, including improving the regulatory framework, introducing innovative technologies and stimulating investment activity in environmentally oriented projects. Specific tools and mechanisms are considered to improve the environmental situation, among which programs for forest restoration, land reclamation and modernization of the waste management system occupy a special place.