The article is devoted to the study of security management of business structures in modern economic realities, which have a significant impact on the functioning and sustainability of enterprises. The relevance of the topic is due to the variability of the economic environment in which modern enterprises operate. A review of the literature shows the shortcomings of existing approaches and the need to rethink them in the face of new challenges. In addition, the article classifies the risks faced by business structures and describes the methods of their assessment and analysis, giving examples for various industries. Important attention is paid to security management strategies in conditions of uncertainty, during the development and implementation of which it is necessary to optimize processes and use successful case stages. Innovative approaches are also considered, including the use of technology and the development of human capital as critical elements of security. In conclusion, the results of the study are summarized, practical recommendations for business structures are proposed and prospects for further research in the field of security management are outlined, which makes this article a useful source of information for managers and specialists working in the field of security management in an ever-changing economic landscape.