The presented article examines the role of neoindustrialization in the context of the national economy of Russia. The concept of «neoindustrialization» is revealed from various angles. The text of the article also contains a description of the role, purpose, essence and features of neoindustrialization. The topic of the importance and necessity of bringing industry to a new technological level of development is touched upon. The relationship between the state of the industrial complex of the country and the national economy as a whole is considered. In the course of writing the article, priority areas of industry were identified and presented within the framework of the neo-industrialization process. The issue of the importance of the presence and development of its own mechanical engineering and industry for the national economy is touched upon, since as a result of this, the scientific, technical, innovative and human resources potential of the country develops, and these processes contribute to an increase in the standard of living of the population and an improvement in the socio-economic development of the country.