In 2025, Russian businesses continue to operate under an unstable macroeconomic environment shaped by sanctions, geopolitical tensions, structural reforms, and the digital transformation of the economy. Key factors influencing the development trajectory of companies include rising inflation, an increase in the Bank of Russia’s key interest rate, limited access to external financing, changes in logistics chains, and the reorientation of sales markets. This article analyzes the main challenges faced by enterprises across various sectors, as well as the adaptation strategies used in response to new conditions: development of import-substituting industries, participation in government support programs, digitalization of business processes, and transformation of operational models. According to the author, the resilience of Russian businesses in the current environment directly depends on their flexibility, strategic thinking, and ability to respond promptly to changes in both domestic and global economic conditions—factors that are essential for maintaining competitiveness at the national and international levels.