This article provides a historical and institutional analysis of the evolution of government regulation and self-regulation mechanisms in the Russian construction industry during a period of market transformation. The study aims to identify contradictions between theoretical recommendations for organizing self-regulatory organizations (SROs) and practical legislative decisions, as well as to propose tools for improving the effectiveness of industry oversight. The methodological framework utilizes a systems analysis of the regulatory framework, the theory of institutional change and agency relationships, as well as statistical and reporting data from SROs. The study demonstrates that the introduction of mandatory self-regulation under Federal Laws 315-FZ and 372-FZ has reduced bureaucratic barriers. However, a number of organizations experience a shortage of resource and methodological support, and feedback mechanisms with the regulator remain underdeveloped. The analysis identifies key issues such as the transparency of SRO financial transactions, inconsistency in membership procedures, and the lack of end-to-end digital solutions. Measures are proposed to develop a unified digital data exchange platform, standardize professional risk assessment methods, strengthen the audit of guarantee funds, and introduce a rating system for SROs. The implementation of these tools is intended to optimize interactions between the government and the professional community, improve the quality of construction work, and strengthen the trust of market participants.