The article assesses the effectiveness of the management system in the Russian agricultural sector by linking macro indicators and management practices. The goal of the study is to develop an operationalized set of metrics (performance, cost-effectiveness, and process maturity) and identify management weaknesses. Special attention is given to the implementation of digital technologies and process automation, which can improve crop yields and reduce costs. The methodology combines statistical analysis, documentary sources, and case studies. The practical significance of the study lies in providing recommendations for improving the competitiveness and sustainability of agricultural companies in a dynamic environment. Indicative benchmarks and a risk map have been obtained; the effects of digitalization and support programs have been demonstrated. The findings specify the priorities for improving efficiency. This material will be useful for agricultural managers, regional authorities, auditors, and researchers.