The theoretical aspects of assessing the level of economic security and threats at the macro level have been studied by many scientists, however, the ongoing changes in the external and internal environment of the territory require the development of new mechanisms to ensure economic security.   Various methods have been used to conduct research, including analysis, synthesis and peer review, general scientific methods such as deduction and induction, and many others.  The research is based on the definition of economic security as a strategic national priority, based on the analysis of official regulatory documents in the field of national security of the country, in order to form the main methodological provisions for its assessment. The article examines the evolution in the understanding of national security based on a regulatory approach. A comparative characteristic of the methodological approach to the formation of a system for assessing the level of economic security of the Russian Federation is given. The process of forming the methodological foundations of the economic security of the country and its regions indicates the need for its assessment and is an objective necessity in changing geopolitical conditions and the influence of external and internal factors.