The article considers the economic aspects of forecasting the consumption of transboundary water resources. This topic is especially relevant in the context of global challenges and the specifics of the length of the borders of the Russian Federation, most of which pass through water resources. The article highlights the factors influencing the economic forecasting of water consumption in utilities and in economic sectors. Economic and mathematical forecasting methods, the use of specific water consumption rates are considered. Forecasting the use of water resources requires taking into account many factors that determine changes in water consumption in various sectors of the economy in the context of entities. The concepts of "virtual water" and "water footprint" allow us to analyze water use on a global scale, analyze the demand and consumption of water for the presence of "blue water". The need to take into account many factors determines the demand for the use of modern digital technologies, the use of which allows solving the problems of obtaining accurate data for the analysis and processing of complex economic and mathematical models, which significantly increases the accuracy of forecasting. The author presents the relationship between economic analysis, water resources accounting and the use of modern digital technologies for the development of international agreements on the efficient use of transboundary water resources.