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The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of modern architectural solutions for highly loaded interactive systems and web applications. With the rapidly increasing demands on performance and scalability of the IT infrastructure, the problem of optimal architecture choice is becoming critically important. The research conducted a detailed analysis of common design errors, typical even for large technology companies, which subsequently lead to significant financial and time costs for refactoring. The paper presents a detailed comparative analysis of the main architectural paradigms: traditional monolithic systems, microservice architecture, serverless approach and their hybrid combinations. Special emphasis is placed on assessing the balance between key characteristics: performance, scalability, fault tolerance, and total cost of ownership. Based on the study of real-world cases and current development trends, a methodology for choosing an architectural solution is proposed that takes into account both current requirements and the prospects for system growth. The results of the study include practical recommendations for designing sustainable and efficient architectures to avoid costly changes at late stages of the product lifecycle. The materials of the article are of significant value to architects, technical managers and developers who are faced with the challenges of building reliable and scalable solutions in a rapidly changing business needs and technological landscape
architecture, microservices, monolith, serverless, scalability, performance, mobile applications, web applications, web development, cloud technologies, containerization, high-load systems, fault tolerance, business metrics
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