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The article analyzes the economics of agrodrones as an element of the operating model of the agro-industrial complex. Three scenarios of use are considered: own fleet, Drone-as-a-Service (DaaS) and hybrid. It is shown how unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as part of an uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) reduce the cost of goods sold (COGS) by reducing trampling, consumption of plant protection products and water, and also transfer operations to narrow weather windows. The main drivers of payback (Return on Investment, ROI) are productivity (ha/h), fleet utilization rate and logistics standardization. Technological base: global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) with kinematic refinement (Real-Time Kinematic, RTK), ultra-low volume application (ULV), NDVI/NDRE indices and integration with the farm management system (FMS). Barriers to scaling are discussed: BVLOS flights, insurance, pilot qualifications. The key to sustainable effect is data discipline, calibration and accounting of “plan-fact”.
agrodrones, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), unmanned aircraft system (UAS), Drone-as-a-Service (DaaS), cost price (COGS), payback (ROI), GNSS/RTK, ULV, NDVI/NDRE, BVLOS, Farm Management System (FMS), scaling
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