graduate student
This article analyzes the role of special economic zones in optimizing regional logistics chains in the Russian Federation. Special economic zones are defined as territorially isolated areas with preferential tax regimes, customs regulations, and administrative procedures aimed at attracting investment and stimulating business. According to Federal Law No. 116-FZ of July 22, 2005, there are 59 SEZs of four types operating in Russia: industrial and production, technology implementation, tourism and recreation, and port, with a total of 1,361 residents, including companies from 34 countries. In the context of globalization and digitalization of the economy, SEZs play a key role in integrating logistics into regional supply chains, reducing transaction costs and creating hubs for international trade. Logistics chains, covering stages from resource procurement to after-sales service, are optimized through tax incentives, simplified procedures, and developed infrastructure. Efficiency is assessed based on delivery time, costs, investment, and contribution to GDP. Using Russian SEZs such as Alabuga and Ulyanovsk as examples, the integration of logistics is demonstrated: a 15-20% reduction in costs and an increase in exports and cargo turnover. International experience (China) confirms a 40% increase in exports thanks to automation. However, SEZs face barriers: infrastructural (lack of terminals), regulatory (bureaucracy, incomplete harmonization with international standards), and external (sanctions, environmental issues), which reduce efficiency by 15-20%. To overcome these barriers, proposed measures include investment in infrastructure, digitalization, harmonization of legislation, and partnerships with businesses. The formation of SEZs in Russia was accompanied by debate and abuses, but current reforms are aimed at testing innovative policy models. The author emphasizes that SEZs are a tool for regional growth that require a systematic approach to eliminating barriers to fully realizing the potential of logistics.
special economic zones, innovative economy, investment attractiveness, supply chains, efficiency
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