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The article presents a comparative analysis of the determinants of regional poverty differentiation in the Russian Federation, examining the Central and North Caucasus Federal Districts. Based on official Rosstat statistical data for 2024-2025, the study investigates economic, demographic, and social factors determining spatial inequality. The research reveals that poverty rates in the compared districts range from 4.1 percent in Moscow to 25.6 percent in the Republic of Ingushetia. The Central Federal District demonstrates a post-industrial development model with a diversified economy, critical dependence on migration, and developed social infrastructure. The North Caucasus Federal District is characterized by a traditional demographic model, archaic economic structure, critical unemployment, and underdeveloped social infrastructure. The study uncovers mechanisms reproducing spatial inequality through the interaction of structural economic barriers, demographic pressure, and social infrastructure deficits. Overcoming identified disparities requires a comprehensive long-term strategy for developing productive and social infrastructure, creating employment opportunities, and enhancing investment attractiveness of depressed regions.
poverty, regional differentiation, Central Federal District, North Caucasus Federal District, socio-economic factors, demography, unemployment, spatial inequality
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