student
student
Russian Federation
In the context of increasing demands for business environmental responsibility, the phenomenon of greenwashing is becoming a serious problem. The research is devoted to the creation and testing of a methodology for assessing the level of greenwashing in corporate reports using natural language processing (NLP) technologies. The analysis of annual and ESG reports of large companies makes it possible to identify linguistic features characteristic of unreliable environmental information. The methodology includes categorizing statements, evaluating their concreteness, transparency, and comparison with actual performance indicators, as well as forecasting future results and challenges. The results demonstrate the potential of NLP analysis as an effective tool for identifying discrepancies between companies' stated commitments and their actual actions in the field of sustainable development. The developed approach makes it possible to automate the verification process of companies' statements and helps to increase the reliability of non-financial reporting.
greenwashing, corporate reporting, natural language processing (NLP), machine learning, ESG, sustainable development, AI
1. Abramov A.V., Chernova M.V., Petrov K.A. Lingvisticheskie markery greenwashing v korporativnoy otchetnosti // Finansy: teoriya i praktika. 2023. T. 27. № 2. S. 45-67.
2. Kogan V.A., Grinev M.L., Semenova M.V. Problemy verifikacii ESG-dannyh v korporativnoy otchetnosti // Audit i finansovyy analiz. 2022. № 4. S. 23-35.
3. Mezhdunarodnyy standart finansovoy otchetnosti (IAS) 16 «Osnovnye sredstva» [Elektronnyy resurs] : [prinyat MSFO Fondom Komiteta po MSFO 01.01.2023] // Konsul'tantPlyus : spravochnye pravovye sistemy. – URL: http://www.consultant.ru (data obrascheniya: 26.11.2025).
4. Mezhdunarodnyy standart finansovoy otchetnosti (IAS) 38 «Nematerial'nye aktivy» [Elektronnyy resurs] : [prinyat MSFO Fondom Komiteta po MSFO 01.01.2023] // Konsul'tantPlyus : spravochnye pravovye sistemy. – URL: http://www.consultant.ru (data obrascheniya: 26.11.2025).
5. Mohnacheva S.R., Parfenyuk M.A., Smirnov V.V. ESG kak faktor privlecheniya investiciy v spac, nacelennyh na ustoychivoe razvitie // Ekonomika Stroitel'stva. 2025. №10. S. 487-490
6. Teplova L.I., Bondar' A.S. ESG-transformaciya i legitimnost' biznesa: vyzovy dlya rossiyskih kompaniy // Rossiyskiy zhurnal menedzhmenta. 2022. T. 20. № 2. S. 78-96.
7. Fedorov A.S., Morozova N.V. Metody vyyavleniya manipulyativnyh praktik v korporativnoy otchetnosti // Ekonomicheskiy zhurnal Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki. 2023. T. 27. № 1. S. 112-135.
8. Shahnazarov A.R., Belova E.M. NLP-analiz v ocenke dostovernosti nefinansovoy otchetnosti // Korporativnye finansy. 2022. T. 16. № 4. S. 89-107.
9. Brennan, N. M., & Merkl-Davies, D. M. (2014). Rhetoric and argument in social and environmental reporting. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 27(1), 45-78.
10. Deegan, C. The Legitimising Effect of Social and Environmental Disclosures – A Theoretical Foundation / C. Deegan // Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal. – 2002. – Vol. 15, № 3. – P. 282–311.
11. Delmas, M. A., & Burbano, V. C. (2011). The drivers of greenwashing. California Management Review, 54(1), 64-87.
12. DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147-160.
13. Eccles, R. G., Ioannou, I., & Serafeim, G. (2014). The impact of corporate sustainability on organizational processes and performance. Management Science, 60(11), 2835-2857.
14. European Commission (2021). Screening of websites for "greenwashing". Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers.
15. Freeman, R. E. Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach / R. E. Freeman. – Boston : Pitman, 1984. – 276 p.
16. Humphreys, A., & Wang, R. J.-H. (2018). Automated text analysis for consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 44(6), 1274-1306.
17. Kotsantonis, S., & Serafeim, G. (2019). Four things no one will tell you about ESG data. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 31(2), 50-58.
18. Lyon, T. P., & Montgomery, A. W. (2015). The means and end of greenwash. Organization & Environment, 28(2), 223-249.
19. Marquis, C., Toffel, M. W., & Zhou, Y. (2016). Scrutiny, norms, and selective disclosure: A global study of greenwashing. Organization Science, 27(2), 483-504.
20. Shepherd, H., Payne, L., & Razi, N. (2020). Cross-cultural communication of corporate environmental reporting: Evidence from Japan and the US. Journal of International Business Studies, 51(7), 1123-1145.
21. Suchman, M. C. (1995). Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 571-610.
22. Westphal, J. D., & Zajac, E. J. (1998). The symbolic management of stockholders: Corporate governance reforms and shareholder reactions. Administrative Science Quarterly, 43(1), 127-153.
23. Zhang, D., & Wang, C. (2022). Natural language processing in accounting, auditing and finance: A review of recent literature. Journal of Accounting Literature, 44(1), 1-25.



