graduate student from 01.01.2023 to 01.01.2026
The article is devoted to a systematic analysis of the investment activities of high-tech industrial enterprises as a fundamental basis for strategic management and ensuring the continuity of reproduction cycles. In the context of the transformation of the Russian economy from a planned to a market economy, the authors provide a rationale for the need to adapt management mechanisms and revise approaches to the organization of investment processes aimed at optimizing operational activities, product renewal, diversification, and cost reduction. The paper reveals the principal scheme of interaction between the production, investment, and financial components of an enterprise, emphasizing the special role of investment activity as an indicator of development potential. A detailed classification of investment projects is presented according to such criteria as the size of investments, duration, investment intensity, degree of interdependence, type of effect, and the nature of generated payment flows. The key criteria for making investment decisions are systematized — from strategic alignment and market conditions to scientific and technical prospects and social benefits. Special attention is paid to a comparative analysis of traditional methods for evaluating investment efficiency. Static methods (net value, accounting rate of return) and dynamic (discounted) indicators are examined in detail: net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), discounted payback period (DPP), and profitability index (PI). For each indicator, calculation formulas and decision-making criteria are provided. Furthermore, the article presents a generalized classification of investment project risks (inflationary, market, operational, credit, construction, cost overrun risks, etc.), which allows for the formation of a comprehensive understanding of uncertainty factors. In conclusion, the authors outline promising directions for the development of methodology, including the integration of dynamic methods with real options approaches and the improvement of accounting for intangible assets.
investment activity, industrial enterprises, investment efficiency evaluation, discounted methods, investment strategy, investments, capital investments
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