The article examines the external economic factors determining the development of Arctic states under the transformation of the world economy. It is noted that changes in the structure of global demand for hydrocarbons and mineral resources, growing geoeconomic fragmentation, sanctions restrictions, transport and logistics shifts, and the increasing importance of technological capacity are shaping new conditions for economic development in the Arctic. The study substantiates the need for a comparative analysis of the adaptation models of Arctic states to the changing external economic environment. It is shown that the development of the Arctic is increasingly determined not only by resource potential and national policy, but also by the nature of states’ integration into global economic relations. The scientific novelty of the study lies in identifying differences in the adaptation models of Russia, the United States, Canada, and the Northern European countries to current external economic challenges.
Arctic, Arctic states, Arctic policy, global competition, sanctions, foreign economic policy
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