UDC 338

THE ECONOMIC ESSENCE AND LEGAL STRUCTURE OF THE INSOLVENCY (BANKRUPTCY) OF INDIVIDUALS: THE BALANCE OF INTERESTS OF THE DEBTOR AND CREDITORS The economic essence and legal structure of the insolvency (bankruptcy) of individuals: the balance of interests of the debtor and creditors

Published in Journal of Applied Research · Issue 5 · ELocator: 40-45 · Rubric: ECONOMICS. ECONOMIC SCIENCES.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.34755/IROK.2026.15.19.005
Received: 30.07.2026 Accepted: 12.08.2026 Published: 12.08.2026
The article examines the evolution of the bankruptcy institution for citizens in the Russian Federation from the perspective of the relationship between economic realities and legal mechanisms. Based on statistical data from Fedresurs, the Judicial Department under the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, and analytical materials of the Bank of Russia for 2024–2025, the transformation of the balance of interests of debtors and creditors is analyzed. It is found that while the dominant role of the property realization procedure as the main debt write-off tool remains, a qualitative shift towards negotiation models is observed: approved restructuring plans increased by 2.3 times. At the same time, satisfaction of creditors' claims remains minimal – 6.75% of included claims, and the share of cases with zero satisfaction reaches 73%. It is concluded that a hybrid model is being formed in which the legal construction of bankruptcy increasingly accurately reflects the economic impossibility of fulfilling obligations, but an institutional imbalance in favor of the debtor persists.
bankruptcy of individuals, insolvency, economic essence of bankruptcy, debt restructuring, property realization, balance of interests, Fedresurs, financial manager, discharge of obligations
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