In 2025, Russian businesses continue to operate under an unstable macroeconomic environment shaped by sanctions, geopolitical tensions, structural reforms, and the digital transformation of the economy. Key factors influencing the development trajectory of companies include rising inflation, an increase in the Bank of Russia’s key interest rate, limited access to external financing, changes in logistics chains, and the reorientation of sales markets. This article analyzes the main challenges faced by enterprises across various sectors, as well as the adaptation strategies used in response to new conditions: development of import-substituting industries, participation in government support programs, digitalization of business processes, and transformation of operational models. According to the author, the resilience of Russian businesses in the current environment directly depends on their flexibility, strategic thinking, and ability to respond promptly to changes in both domestic and global economic conditions—factors that are essential for maintaining competitiveness at the national and international levels.
macroeconomics, business environment, inflation, sanctions, investment, government policy, adaptation
1. Central'nyy bank Rossiyskoy Federacii. Osnovnye napravleniya denezhno-kreditnoy politiki na 2024–2026 gg. // Byulleten' Banka Rossii. 2023. № 12. S. 5–32.
2. Analiticheskiy centr pri Pravitel'stve RF. Ekonomicheskiy monitoring ekonomiki Rossii // Ekonomicheskaya politika. 2024. № 2. S. 24–41.
3. Vaschalova T. V. Ustoychivoe razvitie: uchebnoe posobie. – M.: Yurayt, 2019. – 186 s.
4. Minekonomrazvitiya RF. Doklad o merah podderzhki predprinimatel'stva v 2023–2025 gg. // Oficial'nyy vestnik Minekonomrazvitiya. 2024. № 7. S. 10–27.
5. Ignatova T. V. Problemy vneshneekonomicheskoy adaptacii biznesa. – M.: Ekonomika, 2023. – 152 s.
6. Sulakshin S. S. Sovremennaya gosudarstvennaya politika i upravlenie. – M.: Direkt-Media, 2023. – 386 s.
7. Obzor investicionnogo klimata v Rossii v 2024 godu // RBK Issledovaniya. 2024. № 3. S. 18–34.
8. Edinyy reestr sub'ektov malogo i srednego predprinimatel'stva. Dannye za 2024 god // Vestnik Federal'noy nalogovoy sluzhby. 2025. № 1. S. 11–22.
9. Evraziyskiy bank razvitiya. Doklad o makroekonomicheskoy situacii v Rossii. – M.: EABR, 2025. – 72 s.
