student
The article considers the transformation of the network operators’ income model with a high share of renewable energy sources (RES). A coherent framework “business processes → cash flows → incentives” is proposed, linking regulation based on total costs (TOTEX) and incentives based on results with operational practices: flexible connections, local flexibility purchases and “place-time” tariff signals. The results are based on comparative modeling of distribution network nodes (RES share of 30–60%), experiments on a digital twin of a feeder and analysis of pilot programs. It is shown that income linked to the elimination of bottlenecks and KPIs (SAIDI/SAIFI, losses, connection times) reduces the need for “reinsurance” CAPEX and accelerates the introduction of RES without inflating the tariff base. Correct M&V, cyber resilience, TSO–DSO coordination and a unified resource register are critical. Practical recommendations for scaling are given.
grid operator revenue model; renewable energy sources (RES); nodal pricing; local flexibility markets; DER/aggregation; co-optimization; CoDF; cyber resilience; digital network twin
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