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The relevance of the research is determined by the profound transformations of the Russian financial market caused by the combined impact of external sanctions restrictions, accelerated digitalization, as well as the need to adapt financial and legal mechanisms to new challenges, including the growth of shadow banking, the legalization of crypto assets and the development of the digital ruble. In conditions of increased vulnerability of the national financial system, the role of legal regulation as a tool for ensuring economic security is increasing. The purpose of the study is to identify and systematize relevant financial and legal mechanisms that ensure the economic security of the Russian financial market for the period 2021-2024, taking into account changes in legislation, regulatory practice and technological trends. The research uses the following methods: comparative legal analysis, a systematic approach, statistical analysis, generalization and critical assessment of regulatory legal acts and scientific publications, as well as analysis of empirical data from the regulator and scientific organizations. Research hypothesis: it is assumed that in the context of sanctions pressure and digital transformation, the effectiveness of financial and legal regulation as a tool for ensuring economic security is increasing, but requires comprehensive adaptation to new risks, including decentralized digital assets and technologies. The scientific novelty of the study is the updating of the empirical base on key financial security indicators for 2021-2024, the integration of data on the legalization of mining and piloting of the digital ruble, as well as the proposal of an updated classification of legal risks associated with shadow financial activities. The results of the study include the identification of trends in the consolidation of the banking sector, a decrease in the number of license revocations, an increase in investment activity in the microfinance sector, as well as an increase in the level of financial literacy of the population. The critical role of the Bank of Russia as a mega-regulator has been confirmed. In conclusion, recommendations are formulated to improve legislation in terms of countering money laundering through cryptocurrencies, strengthening consumer protection of financial services and harmonizing the regulation of digital assets with international standards.
economic security, financial market, Bank of Russia, cryptocurrency, shadow banking, digital ruble, mega-regulator, financial literacy
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