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The relevance of the study is due to the accelerating digitalization of financial infrastructure, the growth of non-cash transactions and the need to reduce the share of the shadow economy in the face of sanctions pressure and the desire for technological sovereignty. These issues are particularly acute in Russia, where, despite the development of the national payment system and the Rapid Payment System (SBP), cash is still actively used in retail and small wholesale trade. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the current problems of the development of cashless payments in Russia in the context of international experience, as well as the development of recommendations for improving the legal, infrastructural and behavioral foundations of the transition to a predominantly cashless economy. The research uses methods of comparative legal analysis, statistical generalization, a systematic approach, as well as an analysis of regulatory legal acts and official reports of Central banks of various countries. The results of the study include the identified trends in limiting cash payments in the EU and Asia, the systematization of factors hindering the full transition to non-cash payments in Russia (including infrastructural, behavioral and regulatory barriers), as well as the justification for the need to introduce limits on cash payments and stimulate digital payment instruments through tax and administrative measures. In conclusion, it is emphasized that a successful transition to a cashless economy is impossible without an integrated approach combining technological development, legal regulation and a change in the financial culture of the population. International experience demonstrates the effectiveness of hybrid models that combine mandatory business requirements with consumer incentives.
cashless payments, shadow economy, national payment system, Fast payment system, digital transformation, regulation of cash payments, international experience, financial inclusion
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