graduate student
Abstract. The relevance of the study is due to the need for the transition of the Russian automotive industry from tactical replacement of dropped imported components to the formation of long-term technological sovereignty in the face of sanctions pressure (2022-2026). The purpose of the article is to analyze structural changes in the import substitution policy of the Russian automotive industry and identify conditions for achieving technological independence. The work is based on a systematic analysis of regulatory legal acts (Strategy-2035, FRP measures), statistical data from the Ministry of Industry and Trade and examples of companies. Two fundamental deficits have been identified and systematized: technological (lack of production of electronic control units, Common Rail components, automatic transmission) and institutional (dependence on global assembly chains). It has been established that out of 740 positions of the critical nomenclature, about 45% are closed by domestic suppliers, but these are mainly low-grade components. It has been proven that Strategy 2035 captures a paradigm shift: the target indicator is not the percentage of localization, but control over critical technologies (software, ADAS, electronics). Accelerated import substitution without the development of system engineering and digital sovereignty preserves the technological gap; a key condition for competitiveness is the reorientation of state support from assembly to the creation of its own component base and intellectual property.
import substitution, technological sovereignty, automotive industry, localization, reengineering, Strategy 2035, management, innovations
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